Acoustic Enhancer Research on Laser Lithotripsy (AEROLITH) Clinical Study

Open to people ages 18-75

1. Male or female aged ≥ 18 years to ≤ 75 years
2. Provides written informed consent
3. Patients with at least one urinary stone and up to 3 stones located proximally to the iliac vessels on one side may be enrolled. 3a. Urinary stone(s) should be apparent on a CT scan with 30 days prior to the study enrollment. 3b. Patients with at least 1 urinary stone measuring at least 6mm but not more than 20mm in diameter. For patients with multiple stones, up to 3 stones may be treated on the treated side, with a cumulative stone diameter not exceeding 20mm. All 1-3 stones are to be treated. Stone measurement will be conducted using CT imaging.
4. Patients with bilateral stones are allowed but only one side may be treated. Only the treated side will be evaluated for safety and effectiveness.
5. Patients may enter the study with a stent in place.
6. Patients presenting with absence of a Urinary Tract Infection as confirmed using urinalysis with urine culture within 2 weeks of the procedure

1. Patients with >3 stones on the side to be treated
2. Patients with 3 stones with a cumulative diameter >20mm on the side to be treated
3. Patients with ureteral stones located distal to the iliac vessels on the side to be treated
4. Diagnosis of radiolucent stones (on the side to be treated) on KUB or Scout CT Imaging
5. For patients who have a ureteral stent in place, patient is excluded if stent is calcified or encrusted as verified using standard of care imaging (e.g. KUB X-ray)
6. Patients who have had prior URS-LL within 3 months on the side to be treated at the time of consent.
7. History of cystinuria
8. Urine pH below 5.5
9. Patients with known history of recurrent uric acid stones
10. . Untreated urinary tract infection (UTI)
11. . History of drug-resistant chronic UTI
12. . If female, pregnant as confirmed using urine test to be conducted on the day of the procedure.
13. . Patient has an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical classification level of 4 or greater.
14. . Known sensitivity to possible medications used before, during, or after the URS Laser

Lithotripsy procedure, including but not limited to the following: sedative agents, general anesthetics, topical anesthetics, and opioid analgesics

1. . Stones suspected in calyceal diverticula
2. . Horseshoe kidney
3. . Congenitally ectopic pelvic kidneys
4. . Full staghorn calculi >2cm
5. . Patients with elevated serum creatinine > 1.5mg/dl
6. . Patients with a solitary kidney
7. . Malrotated kidney on the side with urinary stone
8. . Duplicated collecting system or duplicated ureters
9. . Patients who are currently involved in any investigational drug or device trial or have been enrolled in such trials within 30 days of index procedure
10. . Patients who are actively taking antiplatelet and anti-coagulation except low dose aspirin
11. . Prostate biopsy within the last 3 months
12. . History of radiation therapy of abdomen and pelvis
13. . History of urinary tract reconstruction
14. . Other factors that the investigator feels would interfere with the participation and completion of the study such as:
15. Inability to provide voluntary consent
16. Inability to understand the clinical investigation or cooperate with investigational procedures
17. Planned relocation or unable to return for required follow-up visits
18. Vulnerable individuals (mentally disabled, physically disabled, prisoner, etc.)