Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infection Oral Antibiotic Therapy Trial

The Gram-negative bloodstream infection Oral Antibiotic Therapy trial (The GOAT Trial) is a multi-center, randomized clinical trial that hypothesizes that early transition to oral antibiotic therapy for the treatment of Gram-Negative BloodStream Infection (GN-BSI) is as effective but safer than remaining on intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy for the duration of treatment.

This is an open-label, pragmatic, randomized trial of approximately 1,204 adult patients hospitalized across 9 United States hospitals with the overarching goal of determining whether the optimal approach for the management of GN-BSI is (1) IV antibiotics for the duration of treatment or (2) initial IV antibiotics followed by early transition to oral antibiotics for the duration of treatment. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to remain on IV antibiotics or transition to oral antibiotics as soon as possible after blood culture collection, but no more than 5 days later. The primary objective is to compare the Desirability of Outcomes Ranking (DOOR) distributions between patients with GN-BSI receiving IV antibiotic treatment only versus patients transitioned early to oral antibiotic treatment. The study hypothesis is that oral treatment will result in a more favorable DOOR distribution than IV treatment, likely as a result of differential adverse events and changes in Quality of Life (QoL) profiles.