Hyperpolarized 13C Pyruvate MRI Scan in Predicting Tumor Aggressiveness in Patients With Localized Renal Tumor

Open to people ages 18 years and up

1. Localized renal tumor measuring 2 centimeters (cm) and greater in diameter. To minimize any potential partial volume effects in this pilot study, we have limited the lower size range of the tumor to 2cm. We will include all localized renal tumor measuring 2 cm and greater in diameter in this first study to facilitate obtaining tumors of a range of histology and grade
2. The subject is either scheduled to undergo partial or radical nephrectomy at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), or has a diagnostic renal tumor biopsy indicating benign histology. An increasing number of patients with small renal tumors at UCSF are referred for renal tumor biopsy and then active surveillance especially if biopsy indicates high likelihood of benign histology. We will recruit these patients into our study to ensure adequate number of benign renal tumors for this initial pilot study.
3. The subject is able and willing to comply with study procedures and provide signed and dated informed consent.
4. The subject is willing to undergo standard of care abdominal MRI in connection with the study exam.
5. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1

1. Patients who because of age, general medical or psychiatric condition, or physiologic status cannot give valid informed consent.
2. Patients unwilling or unable to undergo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, including patients with contra-indications to MR imaging, such as cardiac pacemakers or non-compatible intracranial vascular clips.
3. Any metallic implant or device that distorts local magnetic field and compromises the quality of MR imaging of the abdomen.
4. Prior focal therapy (i.e. ablation) for the renal tumor. In patients with tumor biopsy, imaging study will occur at least 4 weeks following any biopsy to avoid artifact from hemorrhage.
5. Poorly controlled hypertension, with blood pressure at study entry >160/100. The addition of anti-hypertensives to control blood pressure is allowed for eligibility determination.
6. Congestive heart failure or New York Heart Association (NYHA) status >= 2.
7. A history of clinically significant electrocardiogram (EKG) abnormalities, including QT prolongation, a family history of prolonged QT interval syndrome, or myocardial infarction (MI) within 6 months of study entry. Patients with rate-controlled atrial fibrillation/flutter will be allowed on study.